Introduction Introduction to the Second World Congress on Controversies to Consensus in Diabetes, Obesity and Hypertension (CODHy): Dilemmas in clinical practice Itamar Raz Diabetes Care 2009;32 S149-S150 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S149

Progression/Prevention Defining and Characterizing the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Vivian A. Fonseca Diabetes Care 2009;32 S151-S156 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S151 Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Is the Primary Defect in Type 2 Diabetes Ralph A. DeFronzo and Devjit Tripathy Diabetes Care 2009;32 S157-S163 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S157 Viewpoints on the Way to a Consensus Session: Where does insulin resistance start? The liver Gianluca Perseghin Diabetes Care 2009;32 S164-S167 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S164 Viewpoints on the Way to the Consensus Session: Where does insulin resistance start? The adipose tissue Patricia Iozzo Diabetes Care 2009;32 S168-S173 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S168 Where Does Insulin Resistance Start?: The brain Uberto Pagotto Diabetes Care 2009;32 S174-S177 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S174 Goals of Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: β-Cell preservation for glycemic control Piero Marchetti, Roberto Lupi, Silvia Del Guerra, Marco Bugliani, Valentina D'Aleo, Margherita Occhipinti, Ugo Boggi, Lorella Marselli, and Matilde Masini Diabetes Care 2009;32 S178-S183 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S178 Combined Pharmacologic/Nonpharmacologic Intervention in Individuals at High Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: Pro pharmacologic therapy Alan J. Garber Diabetes Care 2009;32 S184-S188 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S184 Nonpharmacologic Therapy and Exercise in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Jaakko Tuomilehto Diabetes Care 2009;32 S189-S193 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/suppl_2/S189 Plasma Glucose Concentration and Prediction of Future Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Muhammad A. Abdul-Ghani and Ralph A. DeFronzo Diabetes Care 2009;32 S194-S198 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S194 Target for Glycemic Control: Concentrating on glucose Louis Monnier and Claude Colette Diabetes Care 2009;32 S199-S204 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S199 Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as Part of the Integral Care of Type 2 Diabetes Eleni I. Boutati and Sotirios A. Raptis Diabetes Care 2009;32 S205-S210 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/suppl_2/S205 Telemedical Artificial Pancreas: PARIS (Páncreas Artificial Telemédico Inteligente) research project Alberto de Leiva, María Elena Hernando, and on behalf of EDUAB-HSP and GBT-UPM Diabetes Care 2009;32 S211-S216 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S211

Treatment Changing the Treatment Paradigm for Type 2 Diabetes Stefano Del Prato, Giuseppe Penno, and Roberto Miccoli Diabetes Care 2009;32 S217-S222 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S217 Incretin-Based Therapies: Viewpoints on the way to consensus Michael. A. Nauck, Tina Vilsbøll, Baptist Gallwitz, Alan Garber, and Sten Madsbad Diabetes Care 2009;32 S223-S231 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S223 Antioxidant Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Antonio Ceriello and Roberto Testa Diabetes Care 2009;32 S232-S236 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S232 Bile Acids and Metabolic Regulation: Mechanisms and clinical responses to bile acid sequestration Bart Staels and Vivian A. Fonseca Diabetes Care 2009;32 S237-S245 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S237 β-Cell Protection and Therapy for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Simona Cernea, Raffaella Buzzetti, and Paolo Pozzilli Diabetes Care 2009;32 S246-S252 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S246 Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Sanne G. Swinnen, Joost B. Hoekstra, and J. Hans DeVries Diabetes Care 2009;32 S253-S259 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S253 Initiating Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Failing on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Basal or prandial insulin? The APOLLO trial and beyond Reinhard G. Bretzel, Michael Eckhard, Wolfgang Landgraf, David R. Owens, and Thomas Linn Diabetes Care 2009;32 S260-S265 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S260 Early Insulin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes: What are the pros? Luigi F. Meneghini Diabetes Care 2009;32 S266-S269 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S266 Early Insulin Use in Type 2 Diabetes: What are the cons? Jean-Louis Chiasson Diabetes Care 2009;32 S270-S274 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S270

Hypertension and Diabetes Debates How to Define Prehypertension in Diabetes/Metabolic Syndrome Avshalom Leibowitz and Ehud Grossman Diabetes Care 2009;32 S275-S279 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S275 Should We Treat Prehypertension in Diabetes?: What are the cons? Ehud Grossman Diabetes Care 2009;32 S280-S283 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S280 Treatment of Prehypertension in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: What are the pros? Julian Segura and Luis M. Ruilope Diabetes Care 2009;32 S284-S289 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S284 Hypertension and Diabetes: Should We Treat Early Surrogates?: What are the cons? Peter M. Nilsson Diabetes Care 2009;32 S290-S293 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S290 Hypertension and Diabetes: What are the pros to treating early surrogates? Roland E. Schmieder Diabetes Care 2009;32 S294-S297 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S294 Should 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Be Done in Every Patient With Diabetes? Gianfranco Parati and Grzegorz Bilo Diabetes Care 2009;32 S298-S304 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S298 Should White-Coat Hypertension in Diabetes Be Treated? Pro Giuseppe Mancia, Roberto Sega, Michele Bombelli, Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Rita Facchetti, and Guido Grassi Diabetes Care 2009;32 S305-S309 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S305 White-Coat Hypertension Should Not Be Treated in Subjects With Diabetes Michael Bursztyn and Iddo Z. Ben-Dov Diabetes Care 2009;32 S310-S313 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S310

Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Endothelial Dysfunction as a Target for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Daniele Versari, Elena Daghini, Agostino Virdis, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, and Stefano Taddei Diabetes Care 2009;32 S314-S321 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S314 Implications of Postprandial Glucose and Weight Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Understanding and implementing the International Diabetes Federation guidelines Baptist Gallwitz Diabetes Care 2009;32 S322-S325 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S322 The Munich Myocardial Infarction Registry: Translating the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease into clinical practice Oliver Schnell, Wolfgang Otter, and Eberhard Standl Diabetes Care 2009;32 S326-S330 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S326 Is Hyperglycemia a Causal Factor in Cardiovascular Disease?: Does proving this relationship really matter? Yes Jaime A. Davidson and Christopher G. Parkin Diabetes Care 2009;32 S331-S333 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S331 Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Disease: Is it important? No Ignacio Conget and Marga Giménez Diabetes Care 2009;32 S334-S336 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S334 Is There Evidence That Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity or Mortality? No Sameer A. Kassem and Itamar Raz Diabetes Care 2009;32 S337-S341 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S337 Is There Evidence That Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity/Mortality? Yes Cristina Bianchi, Roberto Miccoli, Giuseppe Daniele, Giuseppe Penno, and Stefano Del Prato Diabetes Care 2009;32 S342-S348 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S342 Shifting the Disease Management Paradigm From Glucose: What are the pros? Alin Stirban, Diethelm Tschoepe, and Bernd Stratmann Diabetes Care 2009;32 S349-S352 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S349 Shifting the Disease Management Paradigm From Glucose: What are the cons? Markolf Hanefeld, Stefan R. Bornstein, and Frank Pistrosch Diabetes Care 2009;32 S353-S356 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S353 A Summary of the ADVANCE Trial Simon R. Heller and on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative Group Diabetes Care 2009;32 S357-S361 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S357

Obesity and Lipids Adipocytokines and Insulin Resistance: The possible role of lipocalin-2, retinol binding protein-4, and adiponectin Eduardo Esteve, Wifredo Ricart, and José Manuel Fernández-Real Diabetes Care 2009;32 S362-S367 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S362 Diabetes Surgery: A New Approach to an Old Disease Francesco Rubino, Tracy-Ann Moo, Daniel J. Rosen, Greg F. Dakin, and Alfons Pomp Diabetes Care 2009;32 S368-S372 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S368 Triglycerides and HDL Cholesterol: Stars or second leads in diabetes? Rafael Bitzur, Hofit Cohen, Yehuda Kamari, Aviv Shaish, and Dror Harats Diabetes Care 2009;32 S373-S377 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S373 Should All Diabetic Patients Be Treated With a Statin? Yehuda Kamari, Rafael Bitzur, Hofit Cohen, Aviv Shaish, and Dror Harats Diabetes Care 2009;32 S378-S383 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S378 American Diabetes Association Indications for Statins in Diabetes: Is there evidence? Roy Eldor and Itamar Raz Diabetes Care 2009;32 S384-S391 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S384 Fat or Fit: What Is More Important? Vojtech Hainer, Hermann Toplak, and Vladimír Stich Diabetes Care 2009;32 S392-S397 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S392 Obesity in Elderly Subjects: In sheep's clothing perhaps, but still a wolf! Etty Osher and Naftali Stern Diabetes Care 2009;32 S398-S402 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S398 Obesity in the Elderly Diabetic Patient: Is weight loss beneficial? No Ioannis Kyrou and Constantine Tsigos Diabetes Care 2009;32 S403-S409 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S403

Diagnosis and Treatment of Microvascular Disease Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Nephropathy Mordchai Ravid Diabetes Care 2009;32 S410-S413 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S410 Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: Advantage of novel drugs over old drugs? Dan Ziegler Diabetes Care 2009;32 S414-S419 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S414 Microvascular Complications in Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction: Do we need other alternatives? Yoram Vardi Diabetes Care 2009;32 S420-S422 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S420

Smoking Smoking Cessation: It Is Never Too Late Peter M. Nilsson and Karl-Olov Fagerström Diabetes Care 2009;32 S423-S425 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S423 Why Won't Our Patients Stop Smoking?: The power of nicotine addiction David M. Mannino Diabetes Care 2009;32 S426-S428 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S426 Smoking Amplifies Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes Robert H. Fagard Diabetes Care 2009;32 S429-S431 http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/32/suppl_2/S429